Ayub Khan vs Baji Rao I

General Ayub Khan led a military coup that overthrew the civilian government of Iskander Mirza, who had declared martial law. Ayub Khan assumed the presidency and imposed martial law, beginning a decade of military rule.

Ayub Khan promulgated a new constitution that established a presidential system with strong executive powers. It introduced indirect elections through Basic Democracies, concentrating power in the presidency and the military.

Ayub Khan's government fought a war with India over Kashmir. The conflict ended in a stalemate with the Tashkent Agreement, but it exposed military weaknesses and led to political unrest, contributing to his eventual downfall.

Facing widespread protests led by opposition parties and labor movements, Ayub Khan resigned and handed power to General Yahya Khan. The protests were fueled by economic inequality, political repression, and the 1965 war's aftermath.

Baji Rao I defeated the Nizam-ul-Mulk of Hyderabad at Palkhed. Using rapid cavalry maneuvers, he forced the Nizam to surrender, securing Maratha dominance in the Deccan and establishing his reputation as a military commander.

Baji Rao I led a Maratha army into Malwa, capturing the region from the Mughal Empire. This campaign extended Maratha territory northward and established Maratha control over central India.

Baji Rao I led a cavalry raid to the outskirts of Delhi, the Mughal capital. The Maratha forces attacked the city's suburbs and withdrew, demonstrating Maratha military reach and weakening Mughal prestige.

Baji Rao I defeated a combined Mughal and Rajput army at Bhopal. The victory forced the Mughal emperor to cede Malwa and the region between the Narmada and Chambal rivers to the Marathas.

Baji Rao I negotiated the Treaty of Bassein with the Portuguese, securing Maratha control over the island of Bassein and surrounding territories. This treaty expanded Maratha influence along the western coast.