Antiochus III the Great vs Mithridates VI

Antiochus III defeated Ptolemy IV's army at Raphia in the largest battle of the Syrian Wars. He used war elephants and a phalanx of native Egyptians to secure victory, recapturing Coele-Syria and Palestine from Ptolemaic control, restoring Seleucid power in the region.

Antiochus III led a major military expedition to the eastern satrapies of the Seleucid Empire, including Parthia, Bactria, and India. He reasserted Seleucid authority, received tribute from local rulers, and secured the eastern borders, earning the title 'the Great'.

Antiochus III invaded Greece, leading to war with the Roman Republic. He was decisively defeated at the Battle of Thermopylae (191 BC) and the Battle of Magnesia (190 BC) by Roman forces under Scipio Asiaticus, ending Seleucid ambitions in Europe and Asia Minor.

Antiochus III signed the Treaty of Apamea with Rome, ending the war. He surrendered all territory in Asia Minor west of the Taurus Mountains, paid a massive indemnity of 15,000 talents, and agreed to limit his navy and war elephants, crippling Seleucid power.

Antiochus III was killed while attempting to plunder the temple of Bel in Elymais (southwestern Iran) to raise funds for the Roman indemnity. His death marked the end of Seleucid resurgence and the beginning of the empire's decline.

Mithridates VI invaded the Roman province of Asia, conquering much of Anatolia. He ordered the massacre of an estimated 80,000 Roman and Italian residents in the Asiatic Vespers, provoking a Roman response under Sulla. The war ended with the Treaty of Dardanos in 85 BC.

Mithridates VI fought the Roman general Lucius Licinius Murena, who had invaded Pontus without authorization. Mithridates defeated Murena and forced a return to the status quo, but the war weakened his position and allowed Rome to regroup.

Mithridates VI launched a major war against Rome, initially achieving successes. However, the Roman general Lucullus defeated him at the Battle of Cabira in 72 BC, forcing Mithridates to flee to Armenia. The war continued under Pompey, who finally defeated Mithridates in 66 BC.

Mithridates VI was decisively defeated by the Roman general Lucullus at Cabira in Pontus. Mithridates fled to Armenia, losing his kingdom and much of his army. This battle marked the turning point of the Third Mithridatic War.

After being betrayed by his son Pharnaces II and besieged by Roman forces, Mithridates VI attempted suicide by poison. Having built immunity to poisons, he ordered a bodyguard to kill him with a sword. His death ended the Mithridatic Wars and the Kingdom of Pontus.