Anaukpetlun vs Matthias

Anaukpetlun succeeded his father Nyaungyan Min as king of the Toungoo dynasty. He continued the reunification of Burma, which had fragmented after the fall of Pegu in 1599, restoring central authority and rebuilding the kingdom's power.

Anaukpetlun captured the port city of Syrian (Thanlyin) from Portuguese mercenaries led by Filipe de Brito. De Brito had established an independent rule there. The victory eliminated Portuguese influence in Lower Burma and secured the Irrawaddy delta.

Anaukpetlun invaded and conquered the Lanna kingdom (centered on Chiang Mai), bringing it under Toungoo suzerainty. This expanded Burmese control into northern Thailand and secured the eastern frontier against Ayutthaya.

Anaukpetlun was assassinated by his son, Crown Prince Minyedeippa, who then seized the throne. The patricide plunged the Toungoo court into instability and led to a brief period of turmoil before Thalun eventually restored order.

Matthias, as the representative of the Habsburgs, negotiated the Peace of Zsitvatorok with the Ottoman Empire, ending the Long Turkish War. The treaty was a compromise, with the Habsburgs ceasing to pay tribute to the Ottomans but recognizing Ottoman control over much of Hungary. This peace was a diplomatic achievement for Matthias.

Matthias led a revolt of the Habsburg family and the Bohemian estates against his brother Rudolf II, forcing him to cede the crowns of Bohemia, Hungary, and Austria. Matthias was crowned King of Bohemia in 1611 and later became Holy Roman Emperor in 1612. This internal conflict weakened the Habsburg dynasty.

Matthias was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in Frankfurt, succeeding his brother Rudolf II. His reign was marked by attempts to maintain religious peace and centralize authority, but he faced opposition from both Catholic and Protestant factions. His policies ultimately failed to prevent the outbreak of the Thirty Years' War.

During Matthias's reign, Protestant nobles in Bohemia threw two Catholic imperial governors out of a window in Prague Castle, an event known as the Second Defenestration of Prague. This act was a direct challenge to Matthias's authority and sparked the Bohemian Revolt, which escalated into the Thirty Years' War. Matthias died shortly after.