Anaukpetlun vs Gulab Singh

Anaukpetlun succeeded his father Nyaungyan Min as king of the Toungoo dynasty. He continued the reunification of Burma, which had fragmented after the fall of Pegu in 1599, restoring central authority and rebuilding the kingdom's power.

Anaukpetlun captured the port city of Syrian (Thanlyin) from Portuguese mercenaries led by Filipe de Brito. De Brito had established an independent rule there. The victory eliminated Portuguese influence in Lower Burma and secured the Irrawaddy delta.

Anaukpetlun invaded and conquered the Lanna kingdom (centered on Chiang Mai), bringing it under Toungoo suzerainty. This expanded Burmese control into northern Thailand and secured the eastern frontier against Ayutthaya.

Anaukpetlun was assassinated by his son, Crown Prince Minyedeippa, who then seized the throne. The patricide plunged the Toungoo court into instability and led to a brief period of turmoil before Thalun eventually restored order.

Gulab Singh, as a general under the Sikh Empire, led campaigns to conquer Ladakh and Baltistan. These territories were annexed to his domain, expanding his control into the Himalayas and Central Asia.

Gulab Singh's forces captured Gilgit, a strategic region in the Karakoram. This annexation extended his territory to the borders of Afghanistan and China, securing control over key trade routes.

After the First Anglo-Sikh War, the British East India Company recognized Gulab Singh as the independent Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir through the Treaty of Amritsar. He paid 7.5 million rupees for the territory, becoming the first ruler of the princely state.

During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, Gulab Singh remained loyal to the British and suppressed revolts within his territory. He provided troops and resources to the British, strengthening his position as a loyal princely ruler.