Algirdas vs John of Denmark

Algirdas became Grand Duke of Lithuania, ruling jointly with his brother K

Algirdas conquered the Principality of Smolensk, bringing it under Lithuanian suzerainty. This expanded Lithuanian control over key trade routes between the Baltic and Black Seas.

Algirdas defeated the Mongol Golden Horde at the Battle of Blue Waters near the Southern Bug River. This victory ended Mongol dominance over the principalities of Kiev and Podolia, incorporating them into Lithuania.

Algirdas besieged Moscow during the Lithuanian-Muscovite War. The siege failed due to Moscow's fortifications and the arrival of reinforcements, but it demonstrated Lithuanian military power.

John of Denmark became king of the Kalmar Union, which united Denmark, Norway, and Sweden under a single monarch. The union was already weakened by internal conflicts. John's reign saw continued tensions with Swedish nobility who resisted central authority, leading to periodic rebellions.

John of Denmark led Danish forces against Swedish regent Sten Sture the Elder at Brunkeberg near Stockholm. The Danish army was defeated, and John failed to reclaim the Swedish throne. This battle solidified Swedish resistance to the Kalmar Union and delayed Danish control over Sweden.

John of Denmark signed the Treaty of Copenhagen with the Hanseatic League, ending a trade war. The treaty granted the Hanseatic League favorable trading rights in the Baltic, weakening Danish economic control. This agreement reflected John's inability to assert Danish dominance over the powerful league.