Alfred Jodl vs Enver Pasha

Jodl was appointed Chief of the Operations Staff of the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW). He was responsible for planning and coordinating military operations under Hitler's direction. He played a key role in the planning of major campaigns, including the invasion of the Soviet Union.

Jodl was involved in the planning of Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union. He helped draft the directive for the campaign, which began in June 1941. The invasion led to massive casualties and the expansion of the war in the East.

Jodl signed the instrument of unconditional surrender of German forces on May 7, 1945, at Reims, France. He acted on behalf of the German high command. This surrender ended hostilities in Europe, though it was later ratified in Berlin.

Jodl was tried at the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg for conspiracy, crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. He was found guilty on all counts and sentenced to death. He was executed by hanging on October 16, 1946.

Enver Pasha was a key leader of the Young Turk Revolution in July 1908, which forced Sultan Abdul Hamid II to restore the Ottoman constitution and parliament. This event established the Committee of Union and Progress as the dominant political force in the empire.

As War Minister, Enver Pasha orchestrated the Ottoman Empire's entry into World War I on the side of the Central Powers in November 1914. He authorized the Black Sea Raid by Ottoman warships against Russian ports, triggering a declaration of war by Russia.

Enver Pasha personally commanded the Ottoman offensive against Russia at Sarikamish in December 1914. The campaign ended in disaster, with over 60,000 Ottoman soldiers dying from combat and extreme winter conditions. Enver blamed the defeat on Armenian 'treachery.'

Enver Pasha was killed in action on August 4, 1922, near Baldzhuan in present-day Tajikistan while leading a Basmachi rebellion against the Bolshevik Red Army. His death ended his attempt to establish a pan-Turkic state in Central Asia.