Al-Ashraf Khalil vs Henry VI of England

Al-Ashraf Khalil succeeded his father Qalawun as Sultan of Egypt. He was the second ruler of the Qalawunid dynasty. His accession was contested by some Mamluk factions, but he quickly consolidated power.

Al-Ashraf Khalil led the Mamluk siege of Acre, the last major Crusader stronghold in the Levant. After a six-week siege, the city fell on May 18, 1291. The capture of Acre ended the Crusader presence in the Holy Land.

Following the fall of Acre, Al-Ashraf Khalil's forces captured the remaining Crusader coastal cities of Tyre, Sidon, and Beirut without significant resistance. These conquests completed the Mamluk reconquest of the Levant and eliminated all Crusader footholds.

Al-Ashraf Khalil was assassinated by a group of Mamluk emirs while hunting near Cairo. His death was likely due to internal power struggles. He was succeeded by his young brother An-Nasir Muhammad, beginning a period of instability.

Henry VI agreed to a truce with France through the Treaty of Tours, which included his marriage to Margaret of Anjou. The truce was intended to pause the Hundred Years' War but was criticized for ceding territory and failing to secure lasting peace.

The French army defeated English forces at the Battle of Castillon, ending English rule in Gascony and effectively concluding the Hundred Years' War. This loss stripped England of its last major continental possession, marking a decisive defeat for Henry VI's reign.

Richard, Duke of York, led forces against the king's army at St Albans, capturing Henry VI. This battle marked the start of the Wars of the Roses, a series of civil wars between the Houses of York and Lancaster for control of the English throne.

Henry VI agreed to the Act of Accord, which named Richard, Duke of York, as his heir, disinheriting his own son Edward. This agreement aimed to end the conflict but was rejected by Queen Margaret, leading to continued warfare.

After being deposed and imprisoned, Henry VI was restored to the throne by the Earl of Warwick and Queen Margaret. This brief return to power lasted only six months before Edward IV reclaimed the crown at the Battle of Barnet.