Afonso Pena vs Pakalitha Mosisili

Afonso Pena was elected President of Brazil in 1906, taking office on November 15. He was the fifth president, representing Minas Gerais, and continued the policies of his predecessor.

Afonso Pena signed the decree creating the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). This institution was established to conduct the national census and compile statistical data for policy planning.

Afonso Pena died in office on June 14, 1909, from pneumonia. His death cut short his presidency, and Vice President Nilo Pe

Mosisili became Prime Minister after the 1998 general election, which was disputed and led to political instability. His Lesotho Congress for Democracy party won a majority, but allegations of fraud prompted intervention by Southern African Development Community forces.

Mosisili signed the treaty with South Africa to implement the Lesotho Highlands Water Project, a major infrastructure scheme transferring water to South Africa and generating hydroelectric power for Lesotho. The project became a key economic driver but faced corruption allegations.

After 14 years in power, Mosisili's party lost the 2012 general election to a coalition led by Tom Thabane. He accepted defeat and stepped down, marking a rare peaceful transfer of power in Lesotho's history.

Mosisili returned as Prime Minister after winning the 2015 snap election, forming a coalition government. His return followed the collapse of Thabane's government amid political infighting and instability.

Mosisili resigned as Prime Minister after losing a no-confidence vote in parliament. His coalition government collapsed due to internal divisions, leading to another snap election which he lost to Tom Thabane.