Adan Abdullah Osman Daar vs Edgar Lungu

Adan Abdullah Osman Daar was elected as the first President of the Somali Republic following the independence and unification of British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland. His presidency marked the beginning of Somalia's post-colonial statehood.

As president, Osman Daar supported the concept of Greater Somalia, advocating for the unification of Somali-inhabited territories in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Djibouti. This policy contributed to regional tensions and border conflicts.

Adan Abdullah Osman Daar voluntarily stepped down after losing the 1967 presidential election to Abdirashid Ali Shermarke. This peaceful transfer of power was a rare democratic achievement in post-independence Africa.

Edgar Lungu won the presidential by-election following the death of President Michael Sata. He defeated Hakainde Hichilema in a close race, becoming the 6th President of Zambia.

Lungu won a full five-year term in the general election, again defeating Hakainde Hichilema. The election was marked by opposition allegations of irregularities and a disputed constitutional court ruling.

Lungu's government arrested opposition leader Hakainde Hichilema on charges of treason after his convoy failed to give way to the presidential motorcade. Hichilema was held for several months before the charges were dropped.

Lungu was defeated by Hakainde Hichilema in the general election, receiving 38.3% of the vote against Hichilema's 59%. He conceded defeat, marking the first peaceful transfer of power to an opposition candidate in Zambia since 1991.