Abdulqawi Yusuf vs Horacio Cartes

Abdulqawi Yusuf was elected as a judge of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in 2009, becoming the first Somali to serve on the court. He was re-elected in 2018 for a second nine-year term, contributing to international legal jurisprudence.

Abdulqawi Yusuf was elected Vice-President of the International Court of Justice in 2015, serving until 2018. In this role, he assisted in the administration of the court and participated in major cases, including advisory opinions on Kosovo and the Chagos Archipelago.

Abdulqawi Yusuf was elected President of the International Court of Justice in 2018, becoming the first African to hold the position since 1994. He presided over the court's proceedings and represented it internationally until his term ended in 2021.

Cartes signed a tax reform law that increased the value-added tax from 5% to 10% and introduced a 10% income tax on agricultural exports. The reform aimed to increase state revenue for social programs but faced opposition from business sectors.

Horacio Cartes won the 2013 Paraguayan general election as the Colorado Party candidate, defeating the PLRA candidate Efra

Opposition parties attempted to impeach President Cartes in March 2017 after he proposed a constitutional amendment to allow presidential re-election. The impeachment effort failed in the Senate, but the re-election proposal sparked violent protests that left one dead.

Cartes resigned from the presidency in June 2018, one month before the end of his term, to take a seat in the Senate. Vice President Alicia Pucheta served as interim president for the remaining month. The move was criticized as a maneuver to gain immunity from prosecution.