V. D. Savarkar

Savarkar published 'The Indian War of Independence, 1857', a historical account that portrayed the 1857 rebellion as a unified national struggle for freedom. The book was banned by the British government for its revolutionary content.

Savarkar was arrested and convicted for his involvement in the Nasik Conspiracy Case, which involved the assassination of a British official. He was sentenced to life imprisonment and transported to the Cellular Jail in the Andaman Islands.

Savarkar wrote 'Hindutva: Who is a Hindu?', defining Hindutva as a cultural and national identity based on the land of India and its Hindu heritage. This ideology became the foundation of Hindu nationalism.

Savarkar was released from prison after serving 27 years, following a series of petitions and negotiations. He was placed under restrictions and required to refrain from political activities for a period.

Savarkar was arrested and tried for conspiracy in the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi. He was acquitted due to lack of evidence, but the trial damaged his reputation and deepened political divisions.