Madan Mohan Malaviya

Malaviya presided over the Calcutta session of the Indian National Congress. He advocated for constitutional reforms and greater Indian representation in the British government, maintaining a moderate stance.

Malaviya founded 'The Leader', an English-language newspaper published from Allahabad. The newspaper served as a platform for nationalist views and advocated for Indian political rights.

Malaviya was elected to the Imperial Legislative Council, where he served for several terms. He used his position to advocate for educational reforms, Hindu interests, and Indian self-governance.

Malaviya founded Banaras Hindu University (BHU) in Varanasi, a major central university in India. He raised funds and secured the support of the British government and Indian princes to establish the institution, which became a center for Hindu learning and modern education.

Malaviya became a prominent leader of the Hindu Mahasabha, a Hindu nationalist organization. He advocated for the protection of Hindu interests and opposed the separate electorates for Muslims, contributing to communal polarization.