Loading...

Ming Grand Secretary under three emperors.
Liu Jian was appointed as a Grand Secretary under the Chenghua Emperor. He served under three emperors (Chenghua, Hongzhi, and Zhengde), becoming a key figure in the Grand Secretariat.
Liu Jian, as Chief Grand Secretary under the Zhengde Emperor, opposed the rising influence of eunuch Liu Jin. He submitted memorials calling for Liu Jin's removal, but the emperor sided with the eunuch, leading to Liu Jian's forced retirement.
After failing to remove Liu Jin, Liu Jian was forced to retire. Liu Jin then purged his supporters, consolidating eunuch control over the court. Liu Jian's retirement marked the end of the 'Hongzhi Restoration' era.