John Dramani Mahama

As Vice President, Mahama played a role in the passage of the Petroleum Revenue Management Act, which established rules for the management of Ghana's oil revenues. The law aimed to ensure transparency and accountability in the use of oil funds.

Following the death of President John Atta Mills in July 2012, Mahama, then Vice President, was sworn in as president. He later won the December 2012 election, securing a full term amid opposition allegations of irregularities.

Facing a severe economic crisis characterized by high inflation, currency depreciation, and fiscal deficits, Mahama's government secured a $918 million bailout from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in 2015. The program required austerity measures and structural reforms.

Mahama lost the December 2016 presidential election to Nana Akufo-Addo, receiving 44.4% of the vote against Akufo-Addo's 53.8%. The defeat marked the first time a sitting Ghanaian president was voted out after one term.

Mahama ran again in the 2020 presidential election but was defeated by incumbent Nana Akufo-Addo. He received 47.4% of the vote, and his party challenged the results in court, but the Supreme Court upheld Akufo-Addo's victory.