Ilham Aliyev

Ilham Aliyev succeeded his father Heydar Aliyev as President of Azerbaijan after winning a controversial election. He had previously served as Prime Minister. His presidency continued the authoritarian regime established by his father, with a focus on economic development and energy exports.

Ilham Aliyev's government cracked down on political opposition, arresting activists and journalists. The crackdown intensified after the 2005 parliamentary elections, which were marred by fraud. International organizations criticized the regime for human rights abuses and lack of political freedom.

Azerbaijan hosted the Eurovision Song Contest in Baku, a major international event that showcased the country's development. The event was used by Aliyev to project an image of modernity and openness. However, it was also criticized for the government's human rights record and the displacement of local residents.

Ilham Aliyev led Azerbaijan to a decisive military victory in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War, recapturing most of the disputed territory. The war lasted 44 days and ended with a Russian-brokered ceasefire. Aliyev's popularity soared, and he was hailed as a national hero.

Ilham Aliyev signed the Shusha Declaration with Turkey, strengthening military and economic ties between the two countries. The declaration was seen as a strategic alliance that would counterbalance Russian influence in the region. It also affirmed Turkey's support for Azerbaijan's territorial integrity.