George Papandreou

George Papandreou served as Minister of Education in the government of Andreas Papandreou. He introduced the controversial 'Law 1268/1982' for university reform, which aimed to modernize the system but faced significant opposition from conservative and academic circles.

Papandreou led the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK) to a landslide victory in the October 2009 Greek legislative election, winning 160 of 300 seats. He became Prime Minister during the onset of the Greek government-debt crisis, inheriting a large budget deficit.

On October 31, 2011, Papandreou unexpectedly announced a referendum on the EU-IMF bailout agreement. This caused turmoil in financial markets and within his own party. The proposal was withdrawn days later after intense pressure from EU leaders and domestic opposition, leading to his resignation.

Facing a rebellion within PASOK and pressure from EU partners, Papandreou resigned on November 9, 2011. He agreed to a coalition government led by technocrat Lucas Papademos to implement the bailout program. This marked the end of his premiership and a shift in Greek politics.