Fang Xuanling

Fang Xuanling and Du Ruhui served as co-chancellors under Emperor Taizong, forming the famous Fang-Du partnership. Fang was known for strategic planning and personnel decisions, while Du handled policy implementation. Their collaboration was credited with the success of the Zhenguan era.

Fang Xuanling was a key strategist for Li Shimin (later Emperor Taizong) during the Xuanwu Gate Incident. He advised Li Shimin to strike first against his brothers, Crown Prince Li Jiancheng and Prince Li Yuanji. After the coup, Fang was appointed as a chief minister.

Emperor Taizong appointed Fang Xuanling as Grand Chancellor (Shangshu Zu Pushe), making him the highest-ranking civil official in the Tang government. He held this position for over 20 years, overseeing the administration of the empire and implementing Taizong's policies.

Fang Xuanling, as Grand Chancellor, oversaw the compilation of the Book of Jin (Jin Shu), the official history of the Jin dynasty. He served as the chief editor, directing a team of scholars. The work was completed in 648 AD and became one of the Twenty-Four Histories.

Fang Xuanling died in 648 AD at the age of 70. Emperor Taizong mourned him deeply and granted him posthumous honors, including the title of Duke of Liang and the posthumous name Wenzhao. He was buried with honors near Taizong's own tomb at Zhaoling.