Bouteflika Abdelaziz

Bouteflika pushed through a referendum on the Civil Concord Law, offering amnesty to Islamist militants who surrendered. This helped reduce violence in the Algerian Civil War, though human rights groups criticized impunity.

Abdelaziz Bouteflika won the Algerian presidential election after all other candidates withdrew citing fraud. He succeeded Liamine Z

Bouteflika, in poor health after a 2013 stroke, won a fourth term with 81% of the vote. The election was marred by low turnout and opposition allegations of fraud, deepening political stagnation.

After months of massive Hirak protests against his fifth-term bid, Bouteflika resigned under pressure from the military. His resignation ended 20 years of rule and triggered a political transition.