Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani

Rafsanjani served as Speaker of the Parliament during the Iran-Iraq War, playing a key role in managing the war effort. He later became President in 1989, overseeing the reconstruction of Iran's economy and infrastructure after the war.

As President, Rafsanjani implemented a series of economic reforms aimed at rebuilding Iran's war-torn economy. He promoted privatization, reduced state control, and sought foreign investment, though his policies faced opposition from hardliners.

Rafsanjani supported opposition candidate Mir-Hossein Mousavi in the disputed 2009 presidential election. He criticized the government's crackdown on protesters, leading to a rift with Supreme Leader Khamenei and his marginalization from power.