Solon vs Zhuge Ke

Solon canceled all outstanding debts and freed Athenians enslaved for debt. He abolished debt bondage and prohibited using personal freedom as collateral for loans, addressing the severe economic crisis and social unrest caused by the exploitation of the poor by the wealthy.

Solon divided Athenian citizens into four property classes (pentakosiomedimnoi, hippeis, zeugitai, thetes) determining political rights. He created the Council of 400 and the popular courts (Heliaia), opening political participation to a broader segment of the population while retaining aristocratic elements.

Solon reformed Athenian coinage and weights and measures, standardizing them to facilitate trade. He encouraged the cultivation of olives and the export of olive oil, while banning the export of grain to ensure local food supply, stimulating the Athenian economy.

Solon introduced laws regulating marriage, inheritance, and family property. He allowed childless men to adopt heirs and restricted the dowry system, aiming to protect family estates and prevent the concentration of wealth in a few hands.

Zhuge Ke led a Wu army to relieve the siege of Dongxing. He defeated a Wei force under Zhuge Dan, securing a victory that boosted his prestige.

After Sun Quan's death, Zhuge Ke was appointed regent for the young emperor Sun Liang. He assumed control of Wu's government and military.

Zhuge Ke launched a massive invasion of Wei but was defeated at Hefei. The campaign failed due to poor logistics and disease, leading to heavy losses and loss of support.

After his failed campaign, Zhuge Ke was assassinated by Sun Jun and other conspirators in a palace coup. His family was exterminated, and his regency ended.