Rafael Caldera vs Sara Duterte

Rafael Caldera assumed the presidency of Venezuela, ending the Punto Fijo pact's alternation between the two main parties. His administration pursued a policy of 'national unity' and established diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union and other Eastern Bloc countries, diversifying Venezuela's foreign policy.

Facing a severe banking crisis and economic recession, Caldera abandoned his traditional centrist policies and implemented a neoliberal economic adjustment program. The 'Agenda Venezuela' included privatization of state enterprises, currency devaluation, and austerity measures, leading to social unrest.

Caldera began his second term amid a banking crisis. Shortly after taking office, he pardoned Hugo Ch

Duterte was first elected mayor of Davao City, succeeding her father Rodrigo Duterte. She served three terms (2010-2013, 2016-2019, 2019-2022). Her administration continued the city's tough-on-crime policies, including the use of 'death squads' against drug suspects.

Sara Duterte was elected vice president under the Lakas-CMD party, running on a joint ticket with Bongbong Marcos. She won by a landslide, receiving over 32 million votes. She was the first vice president to be elected from a different party than the president.

President Bongbong Marcos appointed Duterte as Secretary of the Department of Education. She concurrently served as vice president. Her tenure focused on the 'Matatag' curriculum reform and addressing learning losses from the COVID-19 pandemic.