Parantaka I vs Yamgurchi of Astrakhan

Parantaka I invaded the Pandya kingdom and captured its capital Madurai, taking the title 'Maduraikonda' (conqueror of Madurai). He also seized the Pandya crown and other regalia, establishing Chola supremacy over the southern Tamil region.

Parantaka I is credited with building the golden roof (vimanam) over the sanctum of the Nataraja Temple at Chidambaram. This act of patronage to the Shaiva tradition enhanced the temple's prestige and became a symbol of Chola devotion.

Parantaka I launched a naval invasion of Sri Lanka, capturing the northern part of the island. This campaign extended Chola influence across the Palk Strait and demonstrated the Chola navy's capability, though the conquest was not permanent.

Parantaka I suffered a major defeat at the Battle of Takkolam against the Rashtrakuta king Krishna III and his Ganga allies. The Chola army was routed, and the Rashtrakutas occupied the northern Chola territories, including the capital Thanjavur temporarily.

Yamgurchi formed an alliance with the Nogai Horde to counterbalance Crimean and Russian influence. This alliance provided temporary stability but failed to prevent the eventual Russian conquest.

Yamgurchi fought against the Crimean Khanate, which was supporting a rival claimant to the Astrakhan throne. The conflict weakened Astrakhan's military and left it vulnerable to Russian invasion.

Yamgurchi of Astrakhan was overthrown when Russian forces under Ivan the Terrible captured Astrakhan. The khanate was annexed by Russia, ending its independence. Yamgurchi fled but was later captured and executed.