Ntombi of Eswatini vs Philip III of Spain

Ntombi was appointed Queen Regent and Ndlovukati following the death of King Sobhuza II. She served as regent for her son, King Mswati III, who was then a minor, overseeing the transition of power.

Ntombi formally transferred authority to her son, Mswati III, upon his 18th birthday. This peaceful transition maintained the stability of the Swazi monarchy and avoided a succession crisis.

After stepping down as regent, Ntombi continued to serve as Ndlovukati, the queen mother and co-ruler in the dual monarchy system. She has remained a key figure in Swazi traditional governance and cultural ceremonies.

Philip III delegated the governance of Spain to his favorite, the Duke of Lerma, who effectively ruled as a prime minister. Lerma's administration was marked by corruption, favoritism, and a decline in royal authority, contributing to the economic and political decline of Spain.

Under Philip III, the Spanish crown declared bankruptcy for the third time in its history, unable to service its massive debts from the Habsburg wars. The bankruptcy led to a suspension of payments to creditors and a further deterioration of Spain's financial position.

Philip III of Spain ordered the expulsion of the Moriscos, descendants of Muslims who had converted to Christianity, from Spain. Over 300,000 Moriscos were forced to leave, primarily to North Africa. The expulsion caused a significant demographic and economic decline, particularly in Valencia and Aragon.

Philip III signed the Twelve Years' Truce with the Dutch Republic, effectively recognizing Dutch independence from Spain. The truce ended the Eighty Years' War for a period, but it was seen as a sign of Spanish weakness and a concession to the rebellious provinces.