Li Hongzhang vs Zhao Ziyang

Li Hongzhang became a leading figure in the Self-Strengthening Movement, promoting modernization of China's military and industry. He established arsenals, shipyards, and telegraph lines, and modernized the Beiyang Fleet to counter foreign threats.

Li Hongzhang commanded the Huai Army in campaigns against the Taiping rebels, recapturing Suzhou and other cities. His military efforts helped crush the rebellion and restore Qing control over eastern China.

Li Hongzhang oversaw the creation of the Beiyang Fleet, the most modern naval force in Asia at the time. The fleet was intended to defend China's coasts but was largely destroyed in the First Sino-Japanese War in 1894.

Li Hongzhang negotiated and signed the Treaty of Shimonoseki with Japan, ending the First Sino-Japanese War. The treaty ceded Taiwan and the Pescadores to Japan, recognized Korean independence, and imposed a large indemnity on China.

Li Hongzhang was the chief Qing negotiator for the Boxer Protocol, which ended the Boxer Rebellion. The agreement imposed a massive indemnity on China, allowed foreign troops in Beijing, and further weakened Qing sovereignty.

Zhao Ziyang succeeded Hua Guofeng as Premier. He implemented Deng Xiaoping's economic reforms, including the household responsibility system and the opening of Special Economic Zones.

Zhao Ziyang became General Secretary after Hu Yaobang's resignation. He continued economic reforms but faced growing pressure from conservative factions within the party.

During the Tiananmen Square protests, Zhao Ziyang visited the protesters and expressed sympathy, opposing the use of force. This led to his purge and house arrest for the rest of his life.

Zhao Ziyang was removed from all posts and placed under house arrest after the Tiananmen Square crackdown. He was replaced by Jiang Zemin and lived in seclusion until his death in 2005.