Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani vs Tribhuvan

Khalifa bin Hamad oversaw the drafting and promulgation of Qatar's first provisional constitution in 1970, which established the Emir as head of state, created a Council of Ministers, and outlined basic rights. It was later replaced by a permanent constitution in 2004.

Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani seized power from his cousin, Emir Ahmad bin Ali, on February 22, 1972, while Ahmad was in Iran. The coup was bloodless and received backing from the Al Thani family and the Qatari military.

Emir Khalifa bin Hamad nationalized Qatar's oil industry, taking full control of the Qatar Petroleum Company (now QatarEnergy). This move gave the state direct control over oil revenues, funding infrastructure and social programs.

On June 27, 1995, Emir Khalifa bin Hamad was deposed in a bloodless coup by his son, Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, while Khalifa was abroad in Switzerland. Hamad assumed power and initiated major reforms.

Tribhuvan was crowned King of Nepal at age seven, following the death of his father. Due to his youth, the Rana prime ministers continued to exercise de facto control, but his reign eventually became the catalyst for democratic change.

King Tribhuvan fled to India with his family, sparking a popular uprising against the Rana regime. With Indian mediation, the Delhi Compromise was reached, ending Rana rule and restoring the Shah monarchy's authority.

Tribhuvan returned to Nepal as the sovereign monarch. He established a transitional government and oversaw the drafting of a new constitution, ending 104 years of Rana hereditary rule and reasserting the Shah dynasty's power.