John Balliol vs Louis X of France

John Balliol, as a claimant, was party to the Treaty of Birgham which arranged the marriage of Margaret, Maid of Norway to Edward II. The treaty promised Scottish independence, but it was never fully implemented after Margaret's death.

John Balliol was selected as King of Scots by Edward I of England after the Great Cause arbitration. Edward I oversaw the selection process and Balliol swore fealty to him, effectively making Scotland a vassal state.

John Balliol's Scottish army was decisively defeated by English forces under John de Warenne at Dunbar. The defeat led to Balliol's abdication and Edward I's conquest of Scotland, with the Stone of Destiny taken to Westminster.

John Balliol abdicated the Scottish throne after his defeat at Dunbar. He was stripped of his royal regalia and imprisoned in the Tower of London, later being exiled to France. His reign ended with Scotland under English occupation.

Louis X issued an edict abolishing serfdom in the royal domain, declaring that all men should be free. This was motivated by financial need to raise funds for war with Flanders, as serfs had to pay for their freedom. It was a limited reform.

Louis X reigned for only 18 months before dying suddenly, possibly from illness or poisoning. His death left a pregnant queen and a succession crisis, as his posthumous son John I lived only five days, leading to the accession of his brother Philip V.