Injo of Joseon vs King Gyanendra of Nepal

General Yi Gwal, angered by his removal from command, led a rebellion that captured Hanseong (Seoul). Injo fled to Gongju. The rebellion was suppressed within weeks, but it weakened Joseon's military and exposed internal divisions.

After the Qing invasion of Joseon, King Injo surrendered to Hong Taiji at Samjeondo. He performed the three kneelings and nine prostrations, acknowledging Qing suzerainty. This ended Joseon's allegiance to the Ming dynasty and forced Joseon to become a Qing tributary state.

Crown Prince Sohyeon, who had been a hostage in Qing and returned with progressive ideas, died under suspicious circumstances. Injo ordered the execution of the prince's wife and the exile of his children, eliminating a potential rival and reformist faction.

Gyanendra was crowned King of Nepal after the royal massacre killed his brother King Birendra and most of the royal family. His accession was met with public suspicion due to the disputed circumstances of the massacre.

King Gyanendra dismissed the elected government of Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba, declared a state of emergency, and assumed direct executive authority. He cited the need to combat the Maoist insurgency, but the move was widely condemned as a coup.

Following the 2006 democracy movement and the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, the newly elected Constituent Assembly voted to abolish the monarchy. King Gyanendra was given 15 days to vacate the Narayanhiti Palace, ending 240 years of Shah dynasty rule.