Henry Morton Stanley vs Samuel de Champlain

Stanley, on an expedition funded by the New York Herald, found the missing missionary David Livingstone at Ujiji on Lake Tanganyika. The meeting produced the famous greeting 'Dr. Livingstone, I presume?' and renewed public interest in African exploration.

Stanley circumnavigated Lake Victoria in a boat, proving it was a single large lake and not a series of smaller lakes. This confirmed it as the primary source of the Nile, resolving a major geographical debate.

Stanley led an expedition into the Congo Basin on behalf of King Leopold II of Belgium. He established trading stations, signed treaties with local chiefs, and surveyed the Congo River, laying the groundwork for the Congo Free State.

Stanley led a large expedition to rescue Emin Pasha, a German governor in Equatoria. The expedition crossed central Africa, faced starvation and disease, and resulted in the deaths of hundreds of porters, but successfully reached Emin Pasha.

Champlain established a permanent settlement at Quebec on the St. Lawrence River. This became the capital of New France and the first enduring French colony in Canada, serving as a base for fur trade and exploration.

Champlain joined a Huron war party against the Iroquois near Lake Champlain. He used firearms to defeat the Iroquois, establishing a lasting French alliance with the Huron and enmity with the Iroquois Confederacy.

Champlain was appointed as the lieutenant of the viceroy of New France, giving him official authority over French colonial affairs in Canada. He used this position to promote settlement and exploration.

Champlain traveled to Lake Huron and Lake Ontario, becoming the first European to map these lakes. He established alliances with the Huron and Algonquin peoples, which shaped French colonial policy.