Gaafar Nimeiry vs Mamady Doumbouya

Gaafar Nimeiry, then a colonel, led the Free Officers Movement in a bloodless coup that overthrew the civilian government of Prime Minister Mohamed Ahmed Mahgoub. Nimeiry established the Revolutionary Command Council (RCC) and declared Sudan a socialist state.

Nimeiry signed the Addis Ababa Agreement with the Anyanya rebel group, ending the First Sudanese Civil War (1955-1972). The agreement granted southern Sudan regional autonomy and ended 17 years of conflict, marking a major achievement in Nimeiry's early rule.

Nimeiry abandoned his socialist policies and adopted Islamic Sharia law, imposing hudud punishments and dissolving the southern autonomy. This decision alienated the non-Muslim south and reignited civil war, leading to the formation of the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA).

Nimeiry was overthrown by a military coup led by General Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab while he was on a visit to the United States. The coup was triggered by widespread protests against economic hardship, corruption, and the ongoing civil war. Nimeiry went into exile in Egypt.

Colonel Mamady Doumbouya led a military coup on September 5, 2021, overthrowing President Alpha Conde. The coup followed Conde's controversial third term bid and allegations of authoritarianism. Doumbouya suspended the constitution and dissolved the government.

After the coup, Doumbouya was sworn in as interim president on October 1, 2021. He promised a transition to civilian rule within 39 months, but faced criticism from regional bodies like ECOWAS for the delay and lack of a clear timeline.

Doumbouya's junta intensified repression, arresting opposition figures and journalists critical of the regime. In 2022, several media outlets were shut down, and protests were violently dispersed, drawing condemnation from human rights organizations.