Fahd of Saudi Arabia vs King Gyanendra of Nepal

King Fahd initiated a massive expansion project for the Grand Mosque in Mecca and the Prophet's Mosque in Medina, increasing their capacity to accommodate millions of pilgrims. The project included new minarets, prayer halls, and infrastructure.

King Fahd invited US-led coalition forces to Saudi Arabia after Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. This decision allowed the stationing of foreign troops on Saudi soil, which was controversial domestically and led to increased Islamist opposition.

King Fahd issued the Basic Law of Saudi Arabia, which codified the country's system of governance, established the Consultative Council (Shura Council), and defined the roles of the monarchy, judiciary, and executive. This was a step toward formalizing the political system.

Fifteen of the nineteen hijackers in the September 11 attacks were Saudi nationals. King Fahd's government faced international scrutiny over Saudi involvement and subsequently implemented counter-terrorism measures and reforms to the education system.

Gyanendra was crowned King of Nepal after the royal massacre killed his brother King Birendra and most of the royal family. His accession was met with public suspicion due to the disputed circumstances of the massacre.

King Gyanendra dismissed the elected government of Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba, declared a state of emergency, and assumed direct executive authority. He cited the need to combat the Maoist insurgency, but the move was widely condemned as a coup.

Following the 2006 democracy movement and the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, the newly elected Constituent Assembly voted to abolish the monarchy. King Gyanendra was given 15 days to vacate the Narayanhiti Palace, ending 240 years of Shah dynasty rule.