Eumenes II vs Perseus of Macedon

Eumenes II fought alongside the Roman army under Scipio Asiaticus against Antiochus III at the Battle of Magnesia. His cavalry charge on the Seleucid left flank contributed to the decisive Roman victory that ended the Roman-Seleucid War.

Eumenes II negotiated the Treaty of Apamea with the Roman Republic after the Roman victory over Antiochus III. The treaty granted Pergamon control over most of the former Seleucid territories in Asia Minor, making Pergamon the dominant power in the region.

Eumenes II fought a war against Prusias I of Bithynia, who was allied with the Galatians. The conflict ended with a Roman-mediated peace that confirmed Pergamon's territorial gains but strained relations with Rome.

Eumenes II commissioned the construction of the Great Altar of Zeus in Pergamon. The altar, adorned with a monumental frieze depicting the Gigantomachy, became a masterpiece of Hellenistic art and a symbol of Pergamene power and cultural achievement.

Perseus's Macedonian army was crushed by the Roman legions under Lucius Aemilius Paullus at Pydna. The defeat was total, leading to the capture of Perseus and the end of the Antigonid dynasty, with Macedon divided into four republics.

After his capture, Perseus was paraded in chains during Aemilius Paullus's triumph in Rome. This public humiliation symbolized the complete subjugation of Macedon and served as a warning to other Hellenistic kingdoms.

Perseus died while under house arrest in Alba Fucens, Italy, after reportedly being mistreated by his Roman captors. His death marked the final end of the Macedonian monarchy.