Emmanuel Macron vs Tansu Ciller

Macron won the presidential election against Marine Le Pen with 66.1% of the vote, becoming the youngest president in French history at age 39. His centrist party, En Marche!, also won a majority in the National Assembly.

Macron's fuel tax increases sparked the Yellow Vest movement, the largest and most sustained protests in France in decades. The protests, characterized by violence and demands for economic justice, forced Macron to cancel the tax and announce spending measures.

Macron's government used Article 49.3 of the constitution to pass a pension reform raising the retirement age from 62 to 64 without a parliamentary vote. The move triggered massive protests, strikes, and a no-confidence motion that failed by nine votes.

Tansu Ciller became Prime Minister on June 25, 1993, succeeding Turgut Ozal. She was the first and only female prime minister of Turkey. Her tenure was marked by economic crises, the Kurdish conflict, and a controversial war on corruption.

In 1994, Ciller launched a high-profile anti-corruption campaign, targeting previous governments. However, the campaign was criticized as politically motivated and failed to produce significant convictions. It also led to accusations of corruption against her own government.

Ciller's government signed the Customs Union agreement with the European Union on March 6, 1995. This was a major step in Turkey's EU integration process, though it also faced domestic opposition from nationalists and Islamists.

After losing a confidence vote in the parliament, Ciller resigned as Prime Minister in March 1996. Her resignation followed a period of political instability and economic turmoil. She later served as Deputy Prime Minister in a coalition government.