Duke Xiang of Song vs Shattiwaza

Duke Xiang convened a meeting of feudal lords at Song to assert his role as hegemon. However, Chu's King Cheng attended and had Duke Xiang captured, humiliating him and undermining his authority.

Duke Xiang of Song fought the state of Chu at the Hong River. He refused to attack the Chu army while it was crossing the river, insisting on chivalrous warfare. His forces were defeated, and he was wounded, leading to Song's decline.

Duke Xiang died from injuries sustained at the Battle of Hongshui the previous year. His death marked the end of Song's brief attempt at hegemony and left the state weakened.

After Tushratta's assassination, Shattiwaza fled to the Hittite court of Suppiluliuma I, seeking asylum and military support. He pledged loyalty to the Hittite king, agreeing to become a vassal in exchange for help reclaiming the Mitanni throne from Artatama II.

Shattiwaza signed a treaty with Suppiluliuma I, formalizing his status as a Hittite vassal. The treaty granted him Hittite military support to reclaim Mitanni, while requiring tribute and loyalty. This agreement made Mitanni a client state of the Hittite Empire.

With Hittite troops, Shattiwaza defeated Artatama II's forces and reclaimed the Mitanni throne. He ruled as a Hittite vassal, controlling a reduced territory. This campaign ended the Mitanni civil war but permanently subordinated the kingdom to Hittite authority.

Shattiwaza was the last Mitanni ruler of significance. After his reign, Mitanni disappeared as a political entity, its territory absorbed into the Hittite and Assyrian empires. His vassalage marked the end of Mitanni's independence.