Cleopatra II vs Uldin

Cleopatra II led a popular revolt against her brother-husband Ptolemy VIII, seizing control of Alexandria and ruling as queen. The rebellion lasted several years and involved a brutal civil war that devastated the kingdom.

After years of civil war, Cleopatra II reconciled with Ptolemy VIII and returned to Alexandria as co-ruler. The peace agreement restored stability but left Cleopatra III as the dominant figure in the court.

After Ptolemy VIII's death, Cleopatra II served as regent for her son Ptolemy IX, but was soon overshadowed by Cleopatra III. Her influence waned, and she died later that year.

Uldin allied with the Roman general Gainas, providing Hun troops to support his rebellion against the Eastern Roman Empire. This alliance showed early Hun involvement in Roman internal politics, though Gainas was eventually defeated.

Uldin's forces captured the Roman fort of Castra Martis in Moesia. This victory demonstrated Hun military capability and led to a negotiated settlement where the Romans paid tribute and handed over Hun refugees.

Uldin led a Hun force across the Danube into the Eastern Roman Empire, becoming the first Hun leader mentioned in Roman historical records. His incursion forced the Romans to negotiate, establishing the Huns as a significant power on the frontier.

Uldin was defeated in battle by Roman forces, likely during a later campaign. His death marked the end of his leadership, and the Huns subsequently fragmented until being reunified by Rugila decades later.