Cimon vs Muhammad ibn Qasim

Cimon captured the Persian-held fortress of Eion on the Strymon River in Thrace. The victory secured Athenian control over the region and opened up trade routes. It was one of the first major successes of the Delian League under Cimon's command.

Cimon led the Delian League fleet to a double victory over the Persians at the Eurymedon River in Pamphylia. He destroyed a Persian fleet and then defeated a land army on the same day, securing Greek control over the eastern Mediterranean.

Cimon was ostracized from Athens for ten years due to political opposition from the democratic faction led by Ephialtes and Pericles. His pro-Spartan policies and the failure of his expedition to help Sparta during the helot revolt contributed to his exile.

Cimon was recalled from exile and led a Delian League expedition to Cyprus. He won a naval and land victory at Salamis in Cyprus against the Persians. However, he died during the siege of Citium, ending the campaign.

Muhammad ibn Qasim, at age 17, led the Umayyad army to conquer the Sindh region (present-day Pakistan). He defeated King Dahir at the Battle of Aror, establishing Umayyad rule in South Asia and introducing Islamic governance to the Indian subcontinent.

Ibn Qasim granted protected status (dhimmi) to Hindus and Buddhists in Sindh, allowing them to practice their religions in exchange for a tax. This policy set a precedent for religious tolerance under early Islamic rule in India.

Ibn Qasim besieged and captured the city of Multan after a prolonged siege. The conquest secured Umayyad control over the Indus Valley and opened trade routes, with Multan becoming a key center of Islamic culture in the region.

After the death of Caliph al-Walid I, the new caliph Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik recalled Ibn Qasim to Damascus. Ibn Qasim was imprisoned and died under unclear circumstances, possibly executed, ending his brief but impactful career.