Charles Brooke vs Mohammad Nadir Shah

As a senior official under his uncle, Charles Brooke helped suppress the Chinese rebellion in Sarawak in 1857. The rebellion, led by gold miners, briefly captured Kuching but was crushed by Brooke forces, restoring order.

Charles Brooke succeeded his uncle James Brooke as the second White Rajah of Sarawak on August 3, 1868. He inherited a kingdom that he had helped administer since 1852, continuing the Brooke family's rule over Sarawak.

Charles Brooke expanded Sarawak's territory through a series of military campaigns and treaties with the Sultan of Brunei between 1868 and 1905. He annexed the Baram, Limbang, and Lawas regions, more than doubling the size of the kingdom.

Charles Brooke founded the Sarawak Museum in Kuching in 1888, one of the oldest museums in Southeast Asia. The museum housed natural history and ethnographic collections, reflecting his interest in the region's culture and biodiversity.

Mohammad Nadir Shah seized the throne after the fall of Habibullah Kalakani. He led forces from the Eastern Province to capture Kabul, ending the nine-month rule of the bandit king and restoring the Musahiban branch of the Barakzai dynasty to power.

Nadir Shah's forces crushed a rebellion in the Khost province led by loyalists of the deposed Amanullah Khan. The rebellion was defeated after several months of fighting, consolidating Nadir Shah's control over the country and eliminating a major challenge to his rule.

Nadir Shah introduced a new constitution for Afghanistan, establishing a constitutional monarchy with a parliament. The constitution granted limited civil liberties and established a bicameral legislature, though real power remained with the king. It replaced the 1923 constitution of Amanullah Khan.

Mohammad Nadir Shah was shot and killed by Abdul Khaliq Hazara, a student at a Kabul school, during a prize distribution ceremony. The assassination was motivated by personal grievances and political tensions, leading to the accession of his son Mohammad Zahir Shah.