Chares of Athens vs Timotheus

Chares took command of Athenian mercenary forces operating in Asia Minor against the Persians. He achieved some successes but also engaged in plundering, which strained Athenian relations with the Persian Empire.

Chares led an Athenian force in the siege of Byzantium, which was allied with Philip II. The siege failed when Philip's relief force arrived, forcing Chares to withdraw. This failure contributed to the decline of Athenian power.

Chares commanded the Athenian contingent at the Battle of Chaeronea against Philip II of Macedon. The Athenian and Theban alliance was decisively defeated, ending Greek independence and establishing Macedonian hegemony over Greece.

Timotheus defeated a Spartan fleet off the coast of Acarnania at Alyzeia. He captured 20 Spartan ships and secured Athenian influence in northwestern Greece. This victory was part of Athens's effort to rebuild its naval hegemony.

Timotheus led an Athenian fleet to capture the island of Samos from a Persian garrison. The siege lasted ten months. This victory restored Athenian control over a key strategic island in the Aegean and demonstrated the revival of Athenian naval power.

Timotheus was appointed as a commander in the Social War against rebellious Athenian allies. After a failed naval engagement at Embata, he was prosecuted by his political rivals, fined a huge sum, and went into exile. He died shortly after.