Chand Bibi vs Khalid of Saudi Arabia

After the death of Sultan Burhan Nizam Shah II, Chand Bibi became regent for the infant prince. She took control of the kingdom's affairs during a critical period when the Mughal Empire under Akbar was expanding into the Deccan.

Chand Bibi led the successful defense of Ahmadnagar fort against a Mughal siege led by Prince Murad. She negotiated a treaty that recognized Mughal suzerainty but preserved Ahmadnagar's internal autonomy, temporarily halting Mughal conquest.

Chand Bibi signed a treaty with the Mughal Empire ceding Berar but retaining Ahmadnagar. The agreement temporarily stabilized the region but was criticized by some nobles who wanted continued resistance against Mughal expansion.

Chand Bibi was killed during a second Mughal siege of Ahmadnagar fort, possibly assassinated by her own troops who suspected her of negotiating surrender. Her death led to the fall of the fort and the end of effective Nizam Shahi resistance.

Following the assassination of King Faisal, Khalid became King of Saudi Arabia. His reign was marked by continuity of Faisal's policies but with a more cautious approach to reform, focusing on stability and religious conservatism.

During King Khalid's reign, Juhayman al-Otaybi and his followers seized the Grand Mosque in Mecca, holding hundreds of pilgrims hostage. The Saudi military, with French assistance, recaptured the mosque after a two-week siege, resulting in hundreds of deaths.

The Iranian Revolution and the Grand Mosque seizure led to a second oil price shock during Khalid's reign. Saudi Arabia increased oil production to stabilize markets, demonstrating its role as a swing producer in OPEC.