Cemal Kaya vs Peter Mutharika

Kaya was a founding member of the HDP in 2012, a pro-Kurdish party that sought to represent Kurdish interests and promote democratic rights. The party became a major opposition force, winning seats in parliament and challenging the AKP's dominance.

Kaya was arrested on November 4, 2016, along with other HDP leaders, on charges of terrorism and links to the PKK. His arrest was part of a broader crackdown on the HDP following the 2016 coup attempt, drawing international criticism.

Kaya applied to the European Court of Human Rights in 2017, challenging his detention as a violation of his rights. The ECHR later ruled that Turkey had violated his right to a fair trial and ordered his release, but Turkey did not comply.

Despite multiple court orders for his release, including from the Turkish Constitutional Court in 2020, Kaya remained in prison. The government's refusal to comply with judicial decisions highlighted the erosion of the rule of law in Turkey.

Peter Mutharika was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs by his brother, President Bingu wa Mutharika. He served in this role until Bingu's death in 2012.

Peter Mutharika won the presidential election with 36% of the vote, defeating incumbent Joyce Banda and Lazarus Chakwera. The election was disputed, with Banda alleging fraud.

Mutharika won a second term in a highly controversial election. The Malawi Electoral Commission declared him the winner, but the opposition challenged the results, leading to widespread protests.

The Malawi Constitutional Court annulled the 2019 presidential election due to widespread irregularities, including the use of correction fluid on tally sheets. This was a landmark ruling in African jurisprudence.

Mutharika lost the rerun election to Lazarus Chakwera, receiving 39% of the vote against Chakwera's 59%. He conceded defeat, marking a peaceful transfer of power.