Castelo Branco vs Lord Cornwallis

Castelo Branco's government launched the Program of Economic Action (PAEG), aiming to curb inflation and restore economic growth. The plan included wage compression, tax reforms, and incentives for foreign investment, laying the groundwork for the 'Economic Miracle'.

Castelo Branco, as Army Chief of Staff, was a key planner of the military coup that overthrew President Jo

Castelo Branco was elected president by Congress under the new military-controlled constitution. He served from April 15, 1964, to March 15, 1967, leading the consolidation of the authoritarian regime.

Castelo Branco issued AI-2, which abolished all existing political parties, established a two-party system (ARENA and MDB), and gave the president power to cancel political rights and remove elected officials. This act deepened authoritarian control.

Castelo Branco oversaw the drafting and promulgation of a new constitution that institutionalized military control over the presidency and weakened Congress. The constitution concentrated power in the executive and restricted civil liberties.

Lord Cornwallis surrendered his British army of about 8,000 men to American and French forces at Yorktown, Virginia, on October 19, 1781. This decisive defeat effectively ended the American Revolutionary War and led to the recognition of American independence.

Cornwallis was appointed Governor-General of India in 1786, serving until 1793. He implemented significant administrative and judicial reforms, including the Cornwallis Code, which established a permanent settlement system and separated revenue collection from judicial functions.

Cornwallis led British forces in the Third Anglo-Mysore War against Tipu Sultan. The war ended with the Treaty of Seringapatam in 1792, which ceded half of Mysore's territory to the British and their allies, significantly weakening Tipu Sultan's power.

Cornwallis enacted the Permanent Settlement of Bengal in 1793, fixing land revenue rates in perpetuity. This reform aimed to create a stable revenue system and encourage agricultural investment, but it also entrenched the zamindar class and led to peasant exploitation.