Callicratidas vs Hydarnes the Younger

Callicratidas besieged and captured the Athenian-held city of Methymna on Lesbos. He treated the captured garrison with unusual leniency, releasing them without ransom, which was noted as a contrast to typical Spartan harshness.

Callicratidas commanded the Spartan fleet against the Athenians at Arginusae. He was killed in the battle, and his fleet was defeated. His death was a major blow to Spartan naval ambitions and led to a temporary Athenian resurgence.

Callicratidas refused to seek financial support from the Persian prince Cyrus, stating that Spartans should not beg for money from barbarians. This principled stance limited his resources and contrasted with the pragmatic approach of his predecessor Lysander.

Hydarnes the Younger was a Persian commander who led forces in Ionia during the Peloponnesian War. He was involved in operations against Greek city-states, supporting Persian interests in the region.

Hydarnes the Younger engaged in diplomatic negotiations with Spartan envoys, seeking to align Persian and Spartan interests against Athens. These talks led to the Treaty of Miletus, which provided Persian financial support to Sparta in exchange for recognition of Persian claims in Asia Minor.

Hydarnes the Younger died around 410 BC. His career exemplified the Persian strategy of using diplomacy and financial support to influence Greek affairs, a policy that continued under subsequent satraps.