Billy Hughes vs Manuel Prado Ugarteche

Billy Hughes became Prime Minister of Australia on October 27, 1915, succeeding Andrew Fisher. He led the country through the remainder of World War I, becoming a dominant figure in Australian politics.

Hughes held two national referendums on conscription for overseas military service during WWI, in 1916 and 1917. Both were narrowly defeated, causing a split in the Labor Party. Hughes and his supporters left to form the Nationalist Party.

Following the defeat of the first conscription referendum, Hughes was expelled from the Australian Labor Party in November 1916. He then formed the National Labor Party, which later merged with the Liberal Party to become the Nationalist Party.

Hughes represented Australia at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. He argued strongly for Australian interests, including control over former German colonies in the Pacific and reparations from Germany. He also secured Australia's separate membership in the League of Nations.

Manuel Prado Ugarteche won the 1939 presidential election as the candidate of the conservative coalition, succeeding General

Prado aligned Peru with the Allies during World War II, breaking diplomatic relations with the Axis powers in 1942 and allowing the U.S. to use Peruvian air bases. He also promoted economic cooperation with the United States, benefiting from wartime demand for Peruvian exports.

After an eight-year hiatus, Prado won the 1956 presidential election as the candidate of the Pradist Democratic Movement. He took office on July 28, 1956, for a second term, this time with the support of the APRA party, which he had previously opposed.

During his second term, Prado signed the Agrarian Reform Law in 1960, which aimed to redistribute land to peasants. Although limited in scope, it was a precursor to more extensive reforms later and addressed some rural inequalities.