Arsames of Persia vs Sima Liang

Arsames was appointed satrap of Egypt by Artaxerxes I, following the suppression of a major revolt in the province. He governed Egypt for several decades, maintaining Persian control over this wealthy and strategically important region.

Arsames faced several revolts in Egypt, including a major uprising led by Inaros II, who was supported by Athens. Arsames led Persian forces to suppress these revolts, reasserting Achaemenid authority after a period of instability.

Arsames maintained extensive correspondence with the Persian court, as evidenced by the Persepolis Fortification Tablets. These letters detail administrative and economic matters, providing insight into the governance of the Persian Empire.

Arsames died around 425 BC, after a long tenure as satrap of Egypt. His death led to a period of succession disputes, but Persian control over Egypt continued until the late 5th century BC.

Upon the death of Emperor Wu (Sima Yan), Sima Liang was appointed regent for the developmentally disabled Emperor Hui. His regency was short-lived due to factional struggles with Empress Jia and other princes, leading to his downfall.

Sima Liang was killed along with his family during the opening phase of the War of the Eight Princes. He was regent for Emperor Sima Zhong but was overthrown and executed by Empress Jia Nanfeng and Sima Wei, becoming the first prince to die in the conflict.