Anthemius vs Honorius

The Eastern Roman Emperor Leo I appointed Anthemius as Western Roman Emperor, sending him to Italy with military support. Anthemius was a capable general and administrator, and his elevation was intended to restore stability to the Western Empire.

Anthemius, in cooperation with the Eastern Emperor Leo I, launched a massive joint naval expedition against the Vandal Kingdom in North Africa. The campaign ended in a disastrous defeat at the Battle of Cape Bon, draining the resources of both empires.

After a prolonged conflict with his magister militum Ricimer, Anthemius was besieged in Rome. Ricimer's forces captured the city, and Anthemius was captured and executed. His death marked the end of the last serious attempt to revive the Western Empire.

Honorius ordered the execution of his magister militum Stilicho, who had effectively ruled the Western Empire. Stilicho was accused of treason and executed, leading to the massacre of barbarian soldiers' families and weakening Roman defenses.

The Visigoths under King Alaric sacked the city of Rome, the first time in 800 years that the city had fallen to a foreign enemy. Honorius, residing in Ravenna, failed to prevent the sack, which shocked the Roman world.

Honorius wrote to the cities of Britain telling them to look to their own defense, effectively ending Roman rule in Britain. This withdrawal allowed Anglo-Saxon settlement and the formation of early medieval kingdoms.