Anselm of Canterbury vs Qin Hui

Anselm was appointed Archbishop of Canterbury by King William II Rufus. This appointment initiated a long conflict with the English monarchy over church independence and the investiture of bishops.

Anselm went into voluntary exile after King William II refused to recognize Pope Urban II's authority and demanded Anselm's submission. Anselm remained in Italy until William's death in 1100.

Anselm completed his theological work 'Cur Deus Homo' (Why God Became Man) during his exile. This treatise developed the satisfaction theory of atonement, arguing that Christ's death was necessary to satisfy God's justice.

Anselm went into exile again after King Henry I refused to give up the right to invest bishops. Anselm returned only after a compromise was reached in 1107, separating spiritual and temporal investiture.

Anselm and King Henry I reached a compromise at the Concordat of London. The king gave up the right to invest bishops with ring and staff, but retained the right to receive homage before consecration.

Qin Hui was appointed as chancellor of the Southern Song dynasty under Emperor Gaozong. He became the leading advocate for peace with the Jin dynasty, favoring diplomatic settlement over continued military campaigns to recover northern territories.

Qin Hui negotiated the Treaty of Shaoxing, which ended hostilities between the Southern Song and Jin dynasties. The treaty required the Song to pay annual tribute and cede northern territories, securing peace but at the cost of national pride and territorial loss.

Qin Hui, with Emperor Gaozong's approval, ordered the arrest and execution of General Yue Fei on false charges of treason. Yue Fei was a popular military hero who opposed the peace treaty. This act made Qin Hui infamous in Chinese history as a traitor.

Qin Hui died in office. In later centuries, his reputation was permanently tarnished as a traitor who betrayed Yue Fei. His kneeling iron statues were placed at Yue Fei's tomb in Hangzhou, where visitors curse and spit on them, symbolizing eternal disgrace.