Ahmed Ouyahia vs Modibo Keita

Ahmed Ouyahia was first appointed Prime Minister of Algeria by President Liamine Zeroual in December 1995. He served during the height of the Algerian Civil War, focusing on security operations against Islamist insurgents.

Ouyahia served as Prime Minister four times (1995-1998, 2003-2006, 2008-2012, 2017-2019), making him the longest-serving prime minister in Algerian history. He was a key ally of President Bouteflika, implementing economic and political reforms.

Ouyahia resigned as Prime Minister on March 11, 2019, amid massive protests (Hirak) demanding the ouster of President Bouteflika. His resignation was part of a broader political crisis that led to Bouteflika's resignation in April 2019.

Keita implemented a socialist economic program, nationalizing key industries, collectivizing agriculture, and establishing state-run enterprises. These policies aimed to reduce dependence on France and promote self-sufficiency but led to economic inefficiency and shortages.

Modibo Keita became the first President of Mali on September 22, 1960, after the country gained independence from France. He led the Sudanese Republic (formerly French Sudan) in breaking away from the short-lived Mali Federation with Senegal.

Keita was a leading pan-Africanist and co-founder of the Organization of African Unity (OAU) in 1963. He advocated for African unity and anti-colonialism, hosting the OAU's first summit in Addis Ababa and supporting liberation movements across the continent.

On November 19, 1968, Keita was overthrown in a military coup led by Lieutenant Moussa Traore. The coup was fueled by economic decline, popular discontent with austerity measures, and political repression. Keita was imprisoned and died in detention in 1977.