Ahmad Shah Durrani vs Ernst Johann von Biron

Ahmad Shah Durrani was elected as the leader of the Pashtun tribes at a loya jirga in Kandahar, following the assassination of Nadir Shah of Persia. He was crowned as the first King of Afghanistan, founding the Durrani Empire and the modern Afghan state.

Ahmad Shah Durrani made Kandahar the capital of his new empire. He built a new city, including the famous mausoleum of the Prophet Muhammad's cloak, and established it as the political and cultural center of the Durrani Empire.

Ahmad Shah Durrani captured the cities of Herat and Mashhad from the declining Persian Empire. These conquests expanded the Durrani Empire's territory into modern-day Iran and secured control over key trade routes and religious centers.

Ahmad Shah Durrani led Afghan forces to a decisive victory against the Maratha Empire at the Third Battle of Panipat in India. The battle halted Maratha expansion in northern India and established Afghan influence in the region, but also weakened both empires.

With the support of Empress Anna of Russia, Ernst Johann von Biron was elected Duke of Courland. He ruled the duchy as a Russian client, implementing policies favorable to St. Petersburg.

Following the death of Empress Anna, Biron was arrested by Field Marshal Burkhard Christoph von M

Catherine the Great restored Biron to the Duchy of Courland. He returned from exile and ruled again until 1769, when he abdicated in favor of his son Peter von Biron.